Some helpful Unix commands

VI COMMANDS

> Move cursor
> h (left) j (down) k (up) l (right)
> w Move forward one WORD.
> b Move BACK one word.
> e Move to END of word.
> ^ u Scroll UP a partial screen.
> ^ d Scroll DOWN a partial screen.
> ^ f Scroll FORWARD a full screen (page down).
> ^ b Scroll BACKWARD a full screen (page up).
> - Move up one line.
> [ret] Return, move down one line.
> 0 (zero) Move to BEGINNING of line.
> $ Move to END of line.
> G Go to END of file.
> n G Go to line number n.
>
> Search
> /text [RET] SEARCH for text.
> / [RET] CONTINUE search for previous text.
> ?text Search backwards for text.
>
> vi CHANGES
> s SUBSTITUTE for character.
> S SUBSTITUTE for line.
> i text [Esc] INSERT text before cursor.
> cw text [Esc] CHANGE word to text.
> c3w text [Esc] Change 3 words to text.
> C text [Esc] Change rest of line to text.
> cc text [Esc] Change line to text.
> x DELETE single character.
> r p REPLACE single character with p.
> R text [esc] Replace (type over) characters with text.
> dw DELETE word (4dw deletes 4 words).
> dd DELETE line (3dd deletes 3 lines).
> D DELETE from cursor to end of line.
> u UNDO last change (remember this one).
> U UNDO all changes to line (don't forget this one).
> s SUBSTITUTE character.
> S SUBSTITUTE lines.
> J JOIN lines.
> a text [Esc] ADD text after cursor.
> A text [Esc] ADD text to end of line.
> I text [Esc] INSERT text at start of line.
> o text [Esc] OPEN new line below with text.
> O text [Esc]: OPEN new line above with text.
> esc END an insert, replace command.
>
> vi SUBCOMMANDS
> :w fname WRITE (save) fname (default: to present file).
> ZZ EXIT the editor, saving all changes (same as :wq).
> :q! QUIT emphatically, do not save changes (! is your tool to insist;
useful after messing up (also :w temp).
> :e! Edit again previous file, i.e., revert to last saved version.
> :n Edit NEXT file (after vi file1 file2 ...).
> :f Show current FILE name and cursor line number.
>
>
> vi COPY and PASTE
> Y [RET] YANK (copy) current line.
> yy [RET] YANK (copy) current line.
> yw YANK (copy) next word.
> p PUT last thing yanked before cursor.
> P PUT last thing yanked after cursor.
> nb: you can have many buffers with stuff in them
>


i enter input mode before the cursor
I enter input mode at the start of the current line
a enter input mode after the cursor
A enter input mode at the end of the current line
o create a new line below the cursor and enter input mode on it
O create a new line above the cursor and enter input mode on it


/ pattern search forward through the document for the next occurrence of the pattern (or string of text)
? pattern search backward through the document for the next occurrence of the pattern (or string of text)
n repeat search in the same direction
N repeat search in opposite direction
f char search forward from the cursor in the current line for a single character (char)
F char search backward from the cursor in the current line for a single character (char)
; repeat single character search in either direction (f or F)




LESS COMMANDS
>less <>
>g first line
>shift g -> G bottom
>Ctrl u page up
>Ctrl d page down
>/ search
>q quit

....more Useful commands while viewing a file with 'more' or 'less':
scroll forward one page
^b (control-b) scroll backward one page
/ search for string
n find next occurence of string
N find previous occurence of string (search for string in opposite direction)*
g go to the beginning of the file*
G go to the end of the file*
v edit the current file with 'vi'*
:n go to the next file*
:p go to the previous file*
q quit


To enable bash
bash

To clear screen
CLEAR

To find a process
ps -ef | grep SUNW
ps -ef | grep SUNW* | grep app

To kill a process
kill -9 << process>>


FIND / GREP commands
-This command will avoid the printing of files without permission
find . -name *mylog.log* 2>/dev/null
grep "Exception:"
grep -i "vxcv" (ignores case)


-unzip tar
gunzip docs-Orion.tar.gz
tar -xvf docs-Orion.tar

-unjar
jar xf jar-file

-read the timestamp of a file
ls -al ./applications/j2ee-modules/WEB-INF/classes/config/runtime.properties


- compare two directories (pg - page by page)
diff -r ./firstwar ./secondwar | pg

- to get system date and time
date

- whoami
- id


- remove dir
rmdir -f * (forces remove all direc in that location)
rmdir docs-Orion

To go back to the prevoius directory
cd -


Go to home directory
cd ~ (or)
cd


Shows the latest files in order
- ls -alrt

- To sort a app process
ps -ef | grep app |sort


To remove files recursively from a dir
cd work
rm -rf *

If file is full, to check
du -sh *


To gzip files
gzip *2008*



Cronjobs
To check cronjobs
>crontab -l

We may read the result in reverse order
5 0 * * * /opt/home/server/bin/run_nfm.sh
(time is in reverse order - min hours day month year)

To check whether a user is available or not
cat /etc/passwd